Old city of Dubrovnik, Croatia, colour photograph, undated, photographer: Flo, image source: Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dubrovnik_1_%28flo%29.JPG, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic.
Dubrovnik, which was known up to 1918 by the Italian name of Ragusa, was an independent city republic from the 14th to the early-19th century. After a number of years under the rule of France and Italy, in 1815 the city became part of the Austrian crownland of Dalmatia, until it was transferred to the newly-founded state of Yugoslavia after the First World War and officially named itself Dubrovnik.