Map of the Barbary States, 1707

From the 16th to the early 19th century, the term Barbary states was used to describe states in North Africa that financed themselves through privateering and the associated slave trade and extortion. These included the Sultanate of Morocco and the cities of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli, which were under Ottoman rule.

Guillaume de L'Isle (1675–1726) / Charles Inselin (1673–1715): Carte de la Barbarie, de la Nigritie, et de la Guinée, map, 1707; image source: Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division, public domain.