Kazimir Malevič (1878–1935), Black Square, ca. 1923

Kazimir Malevič (1878–1935) produced many versions of the Black Square, the first in 1915 for his Last Futurist Exhibition of 1915 or 0.10 exhibition in Petrograd. In an attempt to reduce material form to its most basic, avant-garde artists such as Malevič celebrated geometric abstraction. This version of the Black Square was produced in 1923 for the Venice Biennale but was never shown there.

Kazimir Malevič (1878–1935): Black Square, oil on canvas, 106 cm x 106 cm, ca. 1923; source: https://rusmuseumvrm.ru/data/collections/painting/19_20/zh_9484/, © The Virtual Russian Museum.